Diabetes mellitus is a common illness in dogs. It is caused by either a decreased production of insulin or decreased functioning of the insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps glucose move from the blood stream into the cells of the body where it can be used for energy.
What dogs are most at risk of developing diabetes?
Dogs of any age can develop diabetes, but most are between 7 and 9 years old. Females appear to be at increased risk. Certain breeds appear to be more at risk, including Samoyeds, Australian terriers, miniature schnauzers, pugs, and miniature and toy poodles. .
What are the signs and symptoms of diabetes in dogs?
- Increased thirst and
- Although the appetite is usually good or increased, there is often weight loss. Some dogs, however, may become obese.
- In some cases, blindness due to cataracts may be the first indication to an owner that there is a problem. Cataracts would appear as cloudy eyes with vision loss.
Dogs may develop a serious complication of diabetes known as ketoacidosis. In this emergency condition, the blood glucose becomes very high and breakdown products of fat (ketones) accumulate in the blood. This can cause severe lethargy, weakness and vomiting.
How is diabetes in dogs diagnosed?
- clinical signs as described above
- finding of glucose in the urine,
- and laboratory testing of the blood that demonstrates the blood glucose is persistently high.
How is diabetes in dogs treated?
Diabetes cannot be cured, but it can be managed. Diabetes in dogs is managed through a combination of regular and controlled exercise, diet, and insulin.
Diet
Diet is another factor that greatly influences insulin requirements. Most diabetic dogs do best on a diet that is high in insoluble fibre, such as Hill’s w/d or Burns High Oats. You will need to eliminate treats.
Summary
Dogs with diabetes are generally middle-aged females, and show signs of increased thirst, urination and appetite. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs and laboratory testing of blood and urine for glucose levels. Treatment consists of insulin and a consistent diet and exercise regimen. Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) is a dangerous complication when treating diabetes and owners should know the signs and home treatment. Other diseases, especially hypothyroidism and Cushing’s disease may complicate the treatment of diabetes. Urinary tract infections and cataracts are more common in diabetic dogs.
